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## 1.虚拟化介绍
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virtualization
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虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。
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物理机我们一般称为**宿主机（Host）**，宿主机上面的虚拟机称为**客户机（Guest）**。
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那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？
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这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。
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根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：
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- 全虚拟化（企业级虚拟化）
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- 半虚拟化 （桌面级虚拟化）
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**全虚拟化：**
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Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型
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**半虚拟化：**
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物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型
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**理论上讲：**
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全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
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半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。
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## 2.kvm介绍
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kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
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KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。
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那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。
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作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。
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大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。
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Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。
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其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。
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Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh
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- libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
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- API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
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- virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具
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## 3. kvm部署
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### 3.1 kvm安装
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部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况：
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- 虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
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- 物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化
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```bash
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1. 关闭防火墙与SELINUX
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
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[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
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setenforce: SELinux is disabled
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[root@localhost ~]# reboot
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2. 配置网络源
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[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
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[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
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[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
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[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
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[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
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[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
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CentOS-Base.repo epel-playground.repo epel-testing-modular.repo redhat.repo
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epel-modular.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo
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[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++
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3. /验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的
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[root@localhost ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
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vmx
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vmx
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vmx 有几个vmx就说明是几核
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vmx
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vmx
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vmx
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vmx
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vmx
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4. kvm安装
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[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools 若有些包报错，则安装下面的包
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[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/updates/x86_64/Packages/qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm
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[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
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[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
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[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm
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[root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
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[root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
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5. 因为虚拟机中网络，我们一般都是和公司的其他服务器是同一个网段，所以我们需要把 \
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KVM服务器的网卡配置成桥接模式。这样的话KVM的虚拟机就可以通过该桥接网卡和公司内部 \
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其他服务器处于同一网段
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
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ifcfg-ens160
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens160 ifcfg-br0
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
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ifcfg-br0 ifcfg-ens160
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0
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TYPE="Bridge"
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BOOTPROTO="static"
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NAME="br0"
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DEVICE="br0"
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ONBOOT="yes"
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NM_CONTROLLED=no 在8的版本里可以不用写这条命令
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IPADDR=192.168.50.156 虚拟机IP
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NETMASK=255.255.255.0
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GATEWAY=192.168.50.2
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DNS1=114.114.114.114
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens160
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TYPE="Ethernet"
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BOOTPROTO="static"
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BRIDGE=br0
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NAME="ens160"
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DEVICE="ens160"
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ONBOOT="yes"
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager
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[root@localhost ~]# ifdown ens160;ifup ens160
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Error: '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160' is not an active connection.
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Error: no active connection provided.
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Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3)
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[root@localhost ~]# ifdown br0;ifup br0
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Connection 'br0' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)
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Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
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[root@localhost ~]# ip a
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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4: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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inet 192.168.50.156/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute br0
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 fe80::bc35:faff:fe61:57d6/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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6. 启动服务
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status libvirtd
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● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
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Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.servi>
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Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-11-30 16:49:26>
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Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
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https://libvirt.org
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Main PID: 6015 (libvirtd)
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Tasks: 19 (limit: 32768)
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Memory: 82.0M
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CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
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├─6015 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
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├─6088 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/>
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└─6089 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/>
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Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6079]: list>
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Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: star>
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Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: comp>
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Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:>
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Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:>
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Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read>
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Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: usin>
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Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read>
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Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read>
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Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:>
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lines 1-23/23 (END)
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[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
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State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
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LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:*
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LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
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LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
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LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
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LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:*
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LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
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LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:
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7. 验证安装结果
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[root@localhost ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
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kvm_intel 294912 0
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kvm 786432 1 kvm_intel
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irqbypass 16384 1 kvm
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8. 测试并验证安装结果
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
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Id Name State
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----------------------------------------------------
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[root@localhost ~]# virsh --version
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4.5.0
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[root@localhost ~]# virt-install --version
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2.2.1
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9. 查看网桥信息
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli dev
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DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
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br0 bridge connected br0
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virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
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ens160 ethernet connected ens160
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lo loopback unmanaged --
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virbr0-nic tun unmanaged --
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con
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NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
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br0 d2d68553-f97e-7549-7a26-b34a26f29318 bridge br0
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virbr0 4a11f219-20a6-46e7-b5fe-2c4f760e64f5 bridge virbr0
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ens160 ea74cf24-c2a2-ecee-3747-a2d76d46f93b ethernet ens160
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```
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### 3.2 kvm web管理界面安装
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- kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。
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```bash
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1. 安装依赖包
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[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python2-devel 若有包报错，则安装下面的包
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[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm
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[root@localhost ~]# wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/p/python-websockify-0.6.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm
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[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install python2-devel python2-pip git libvirt-python supervisor nginx
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[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm
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[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps python-websockify-0.6.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm
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3. 升级pip
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[root@localhost ~]# pip2 install --upgrade pip
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WARNING: Running pip install with root privileges is generally not a good idea. Try `pip3 install --user` instead.
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Collecting pip
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Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cb/28/91f26bd088ce8e22169032100d4260614fc3da435025ff389ef1d396a433/pip-20.2.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
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0% |▏ | 10kB 4.3MB/s et
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1% |▍ | 20kB 674kB/s et
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2% |▋ | 30kB 112kB/s et
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......
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Installing collected packages: pip
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Successfully installed pip-20.2.4
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4. 从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
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[root@localhost src]# ls
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[root@localhost src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
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[root@localhost src]# ls
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webvirtmgr
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5. 安装webvirtmgr
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[root@localhost src]# cd webvirtmgr/
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[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
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Collecting django==1.5.5
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Downloading Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1 MB)
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......
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6. 检查sqlite3是否安装
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[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# python2
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Python 2.7.17(default, Dec 5 2019, 15:45:45)
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[GCC 8.3.1 20191121 (Red Hat 8.3.1-5)] on linux
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Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
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>>> import aqlite3 没有这个东西就会报错，就需要再次装
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
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ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'aqlite3'
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>>> import sqlite3 有这个东西就不会报错
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>>> exit()
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[root@localhost webvirtmgr]#
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7. 初始化帐号信息
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[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# python2 manage.py syncdb
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WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
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Creating tables ...
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Creating table auth_permission
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Creating table auth_group_permissions
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Creating table auth_group
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Creating table auth_user_groups
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Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
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Creating table auth_user
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Creating table django_content_type
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Creating table django_session
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Creating table django_site
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Creating table servers_compute
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Creating table instance_instance
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Creating table create_flavor
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You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
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Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes 问你是否创建超级管理员帐号
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Username (leave blank to use 'root'): admin 指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root
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Email address: 1@2.com 设置超级管理员邮箱
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Password: 设置超级管理员密码
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Password (again): 再次输入超级管理员密码
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Superuser created successfully.
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Installing custom SQL ...
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Installing indexes ...
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Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
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7. 拷贝web网页至指定目录
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[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www
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mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/var/www’: File exists
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[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# ls /var/www
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cgi-bin html
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[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/
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[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
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8. 生成密钥
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[root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
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Generating public/private rsa key pair.
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Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
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Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
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||||
Enter same passphrase again:
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||||
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
|
||||
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
|
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The key fingerprint is:
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SHA256:dzGb7KLIT7HCOnJGVF1p1uAg2M+R8EPX5RV8dMvcc1Y root@localhost.localdomain
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||||
The key's randomart image is:
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+---[RSA 3072]----+
|
||||
| ooooo+= .ooE|
|
||||
| . o++++ o.oo*|
|
||||
| . oo+. o .==|
|
||||
| . o. . = .o|
|
||||
| . S . = |
|
||||
| .. + o |
|
||||
| . o o . . |
|
||||
| . +o + . . |
|
||||
| +..o.o |
|
||||
+----[SHA256]-----+
|
||||
由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器，那么这个是它的ip
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.50.156
|
||||
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
|
||||
The authenticity of host '192.168.50.156 (192.168.50.156)' can't be established.
|
||||
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:sQqUajvZSfuHD9T+PkdNt5QwjMJ5RNCws+LTyZAcD54.
|
||||
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
|
||||
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
|
||||
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
|
||||
root@192.168.50.156's password:
|
||||
|
||||
Number of key(s) added: 1
|
||||
|
||||
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.50.156'"
|
||||
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
9. 配置端口转发
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# ssh 192.168.50.156 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
|
||||
Last login: Mon Nov 30 16:27:34 2020 from 192.168.50.1
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
|
||||
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
10. 配置nginx
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf <<'EOF'
|
||||
user nginx;
|
||||
worker_processes auto;
|
||||
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
|
||||
pid /run/nginx.pid;
|
||||
|
||||
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
|
||||
|
||||
events {
|
||||
worker_connections 1024;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
http {
|
||||
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
|
||||
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
|
||||
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
|
||||
|
||||
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
|
||||
|
||||
sendfile on;
|
||||
tcp_nopush on;
|
||||
tcp_nodelay on;
|
||||
keepalive_timeout 65;
|
||||
types_hash_max_size 2048;
|
||||
|
||||
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
|
||||
default_type application/octet-stream;
|
||||
|
||||
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
|
||||
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name localhost;
|
||||
|
||||
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
|
||||
|
||||
location / {
|
||||
root html;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
error_page 404 /404.html;
|
||||
location = /40x.html {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
|
||||
location = /50x.html {
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# cat > webvirtmgr.conf <<'EOF'
|
||||
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80 default_server;
|
||||
|
||||
server_name $hostname;
|
||||
#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
|
||||
|
||||
location /static/ {
|
||||
root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
|
||||
expires max;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
location / {
|
||||
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
|
||||
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
|
||||
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
|
||||
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
|
||||
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
|
||||
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
|
||||
proxy_read_timeout 600;
|
||||
proxy_send_timeout 600;
|
||||
client_max_body_size 1024M;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
11. 确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
|
||||
......
|
||||
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000'
|
||||
backlog = 2048
|
||||
......
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
12. 重启nginx
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
|
||||
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
|
||||
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
|
||||
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
13. 设置supervisor
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# cat >> /etc/supervisord.conf <<EOF
|
||||
...... 文件最后面添加以下内容
|
||||
[program:webvirtmgr]
|
||||
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
|
||||
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
|
||||
autostart=true
|
||||
autorestart=true
|
||||
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
|
||||
log_stderr=true
|
||||
user=nginx
|
||||
|
||||
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
|
||||
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
|
||||
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
|
||||
autostart=true
|
||||
autorestart=true
|
||||
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
|
||||
redirect_stderr=true
|
||||
user=nginx
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
14. 启动supervisor并设置开机自启
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now supervisord
|
||||
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status supervisord
|
||||
● supervisord.service - Process Monitoring and Control Daemon
|
||||
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
|
||||
Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-11-30 21:01:37 CST; 58s ago
|
||||
Process: 10082 ExecStart=/usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
|
||||
Main PID: 10085 (supervisord)
|
||||
Tasks: 19 (limit: 50621)
|
||||
Memory: 255.8M
|
||||
CGroup: /system.slice/supervisord.service
|
||||
├─10085 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf
|
||||
├─10086 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10091 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10092 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10093 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10094 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10095 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10096 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10097 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10098 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10099 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10100 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10101 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10102 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10104 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10105 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10106 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
├─10107 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c>
|
||||
lines 1-26
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
15. 配置nginx用户
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
|
||||
[nginx@localhost ~]$ id
|
||||
uid=989(nginx) gid=988(nginx) groups=988(nginx)
|
||||
[nginx@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
|
||||
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
|
||||
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
|
||||
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
|
||||
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
|
||||
Enter same passphrase again:
|
||||
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
|
||||
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
|
||||
The key fingerprint is:
|
||||
SHA256:Q8tfrvMNQEskohXenMPf2f1tkDeg7iXDWZQ6h3mi0kU nginx@localhost.localdomain
|
||||
The key's randomart image is:
|
||||
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|
||||
| +.. . |
|
||||
| + = + . |
|
||||
| . . B oE + |
|
||||
| o *.o*o.o |
|
||||
| S +O+++.o|
|
||||
| .o=+B o+|
|
||||
| . o.*o. +|
|
||||
| . o.+o . |
|
||||
| .+. . |
|
||||
+----[SHA256]-----+
|
||||
[nginx@localhost ~]$ touch ~/.ssh/config
|
||||
[nginx@localhost ~]$ echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config
|
||||
[nginx@localhost ~]$ cat ~/.ssh/config
|
||||
StrictHostKeyChecking=no
|
||||
UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null
|
||||
[nginx@localhost ~]$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
|
||||
[nginx@localhost ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.50.156
|
||||
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
|
||||
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
|
||||
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
|
||||
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.50.156' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
|
||||
root@192.168.50.156's password:
|
||||
|
||||
Number of key(s) added: 1
|
||||
|
||||
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.50.156'"
|
||||
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
|
||||
[nginx@localhost ~]$ exit
|
||||
logout
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
16. 创建一个配置文件并写入东西
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
|
||||
[Remote libvirt SSH access]
|
||||
Identity=unix-user:root
|
||||
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
|
||||
ResultAny=yes
|
||||
ResultInactive=yes
|
||||
ResultActive=yes
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
17. 修改属主
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
18. 重启服务，关闭防火墙
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.3 kvm web界面管理
|
||||
|
||||
- 通过ip地址在浏览器上访问kvm，例如我这里就是：192.168.50.156
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.3.1 kvm连接管理
|
||||
|
||||
**创建SSH连接：**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.3.2 kvm存储管理
|
||||
|
||||
**创建存储：**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 创建目录
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/libvirt/images/
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
|
||||
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
||||
devtmpfs 963M 0 963M 0% /dev
|
||||
tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm
|
||||
tmpfs 981M 8.9M 972M 1% /run
|
||||
tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
|
||||
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 2.6G 15G 15% /
|
||||
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 161M 854M 16% /boot
|
||||
tmpfs 196M 0 196M 0% /run/user/0
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /virtual_host
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 关机加硬盘
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191444817.png" alt="image-20240612191444817" style="zoom:200%;" />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 分区，格式化，并挂载
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
|
||||
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
|
||||
sr0 11:0 1 7.9G 0 rom
|
||||
nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk
|
||||
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
|
||||
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 19G 0 part
|
||||
├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
|
||||
└─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
|
||||
nvme0n2 259:3 0 200G 0 disk
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# ls /virtual_host/
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/nvme0n2
|
||||
|
||||
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
|
||||
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
|
||||
Be careful before using the write command.
|
||||
|
||||
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
|
||||
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x749c27d5.
|
||||
|
||||
Command (m for help): n
|
||||
Partition type
|
||||
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
|
||||
e extended (container for logical partitions)
|
||||
Select (default p): p
|
||||
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
|
||||
First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048):
|
||||
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-419430399, default 419430399):
|
||||
|
||||
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 200 GiB.
|
||||
|
||||
Command (m for help): w
|
||||
The partition table has been altered.
|
||||
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
|
||||
Syncing disks.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
|
||||
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
|
||||
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
|
||||
sr0 11:0 1 7.9G 0 rom
|
||||
nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk
|
||||
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
|
||||
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 19G 0 part
|
||||
├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
|
||||
└─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
|
||||
nvme0n2 259:3 0 200G 0 disk
|
||||
└─nvme0n2p1 259:5 0 200G 0 part
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme0n2p1
|
||||
meta-data=/dev/nvme0n2p1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=13107136 blks
|
||||
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
|
||||
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
|
||||
= reflink=1
|
||||
data = bsize=4096 blocks=52428544, imaxpct=25
|
||||
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
|
||||
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
|
||||
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=25599, version=2
|
||||
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
|
||||
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# blkid
|
||||
/dev/nvme0n1: PTUUID="fd9e4a5a" PTTYPE="dos"
|
||||
/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="339d86d6-edac-49ff-9abe-3aa194a9051d" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="fd9e4a5a-01"
|
||||
/dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="kuI3zy-HfI6-YQ7e-u6ks-3V4s-nxR9-Aebqde" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="fd9e4a5a-02"
|
||||
/dev/nvme0n2: PTUUID="749c27d5" PTTYPE="dos"
|
||||
/dev/nvme0n2p1: UUID="2d8d33cd-472d-477f-8943-caf38754d252" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="749c27d5-01"
|
||||
/dev/sr0: UUID="2020-04-04-08-21-15-00" LABEL="RHEL-8-2-0-BaseOS-x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="47055c33" PTTYPE="dos"
|
||||
/dev/mapper/rhel-root: UUID="904f3641-9768-4b89-9268-71937eb86178" TYPE="xfs"
|
||||
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap: UUID="fff63d51-b23a-4e77-a386-3ee9cedf339d" TYPE="swap"
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
|
||||
添加此内容
|
||||
UUID="2d8d33cd-472d-477f-8943-caf38754d252" /virtual_host xfs defaults 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
|
||||
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
||||
devtmpfs 963M 0 963M 0% /dev
|
||||
tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm
|
||||
tmpfs 981M 8.9M 972M 1% /run
|
||||
tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
|
||||
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 2.6G 15G 15% /
|
||||
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 161M 854M 16% /boot
|
||||
tmpfs 196M 0 196M 0% /run/user/0
|
||||
/dev/nvme0n2p1 200G 1.5G 199G 1% /virtual_host
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 通过远程连接软件上传ISO镜像文件至存储目录/var/lib/libvirt/images/
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# ls /virtual_host
|
||||
rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 在 web 界面查看ISO镜像是否存在
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 创建系统安装镜像
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.3.3 kvm网络管理
|
||||
|
||||
- 添加桥接网络
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.3.4 实例管理
|
||||
|
||||
**实例(虚拟机)创建:**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 虚拟机插入光盘
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 启动虚拟机
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 虚拟机安装
|
||||
- 虚拟机安装步骤就是安装系统的步骤，此处就不再赘述
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 4. 案例
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.1 案例1
|
||||
|
||||
web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面
|
||||
|
||||
- web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@KVM ~]# wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/n/novnc-0.5.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm
|
||||
[root@KVM ~]# yum -y install novnc-0.5.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm
|
||||
[root@KVM ~]# ll /etc/rc.local
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Jul 21 22:57 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local
|
||||
[root@KVM ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
|
||||
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 474 Jul 21 22:57 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
|
||||
[root@KVM ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
|
||||
[root@KVM ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local #在此文件末尾追加下面的内容
|
||||
...
|
||||
nohup novnc_server 192.168.50.156:5920 &
|
||||
[root@KVM ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local
|
||||
[root@KVM ~]# nohup: ignoring input and appending output to 'nohup.out'
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- 做完以上操作后再次访问即可正常访问
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.2 案例2
|
||||
|
||||
- 第一次通过web访问kvm时可能会一直访问不了，一直转圈，而命令行界面一直报错(too many open files)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
|
||||
|
||||
user nginx;
|
||||
worker_processes auto;
|
||||
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
|
||||
pid /run/nginx.pid;
|
||||
|
||||
worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; 添加此行
|
||||
|
||||
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
|
||||
......
|
||||
# End of file
|
||||
* soft nofile 655350 添加这两行
|
||||
* hard nofile 655350
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue