diff --git a/KVM/kvm.md b/KVM/kvm.md deleted file mode 100644 index e88e00b..0000000 --- a/KVM/kvm.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,904 +0,0 @@ -## 1.虚拟化介绍 - -virtualization - -虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。 - -物理机我们一般称为**宿主机（Host）**，宿主机上面的虚拟机称为**客户机（Guest）**。 - -那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？ -这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。 - -根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种： - -- 全虚拟化（企业级虚拟化） -- 半虚拟化 （桌面级虚拟化） - -**全虚拟化：** -Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型 - -![image-20240612162317455](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612162317455.png) - -**半虚拟化：** -物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型 - -![image-20240612150630506](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612150630506.png) - -**理论上讲：** -全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高； -半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。 - - - -## 2.kvm介绍 - -kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。 -KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。 - -那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。 - -作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。 - -大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。 - -Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。 - -其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。 - -Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh - -- libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求； - -- API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具； - -- virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具 - - - -## 3. kvm部署 - -### 3.1 kvm安装 - -部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况： - -- 虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化 -- 物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化 - -![image-20240612150918572](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612150918572.png) - -![image-20240612150949940](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612150949940.png) - -```bash -1. 关闭防火墙与SELINUX -[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld -[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 -setenforce: SELinux is disabled -[root@localhost ~]# reboot - -2. 配置网络源 - -[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo -[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo -[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm -[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel* -[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel* -[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ -[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls -CentOS-Base.repo epel-playground.repo epel-testing-modular.repo redhat.repo -epel-modular.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo -[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++ - -3. /验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的 -[root@localhost ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo -vmx -vmx -vmx 有几个vmx就说明是几核 -vmx -vmx -vmx -vmx -vmx - - -4. kvm安装 -[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools 若有些包报错，则安装下面的包 - -[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/updates/x86_64/Packages/qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm -[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm -[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm -[root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm -[root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm - - -5. 因为虚拟机中网络，我们一般都是和公司的其他服务器是同一个网段，所以我们需要把 \ -KVM服务器的网卡配置成桥接模式。这样的话KVM的虚拟机就可以通过该桥接网卡和公司内部 \ -其他服务器处于同一网段 -[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ -[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls -ifcfg-ens160 -[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens160 ifcfg-br0 -[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls -ifcfg-br0 ifcfg-ens160 -[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0 - -TYPE="Bridge" -BOOTPROTO="static" -NAME="br0" -DEVICE="br0" -ONBOOT="yes" -NM_CONTROLLED=no 在8的版本里可以不用写这条命令 -IPADDR=192.168.50.156 虚拟机IP -NETMASK=255.255.255.0 -GATEWAY=192.168.50.2 -DNS1=114.114.114.114 -[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens160 - -TYPE="Ethernet" -BOOTPROTO="static" -BRIDGE=br0 -NAME="ens160" -DEVICE="ens160" -ONBOOT="yes" - -[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager -[root@localhost ~]# ifdown ens160;ifup ens160 -Error: '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160' is not an active connection. -Error: no active connection provided. -Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3) -[root@localhost ~]# ifdown br0;ifup br0 -Connection 'br0' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2) -Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4) -[root@localhost ~]# ip a -1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 - link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 - inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet6 ::1/128 scope host - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever -2: ens160: mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000 - link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff -4: br0: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 - link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff - inet 192.168.50.156/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute br0 - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet6 fe80::bc35:faff:fe61:57d6/64 scope link - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - - -6. 启动服务 -[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd -[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status libvirtd -● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon - Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.servi> - Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-11-30 16:49:26> - Docs: man:libvirtd(8) - https://libvirt.org - Main PID: 6015 (libvirtd) - Tasks: 19 (limit: 32768) - Memory: 82.0M - CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service - ├─6015 /usr/sbin/libvirtd - ├─6088 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/> - └─6089 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/> - -Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6079]: list> -Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: star> -Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: comp> -Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:> -Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:> -Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read> -Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: usin> -Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read> -Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read> -Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:> -lines 1-23/23 (END) -[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl -State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port -LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]: - -7. 验证安装结果 -[root@localhost ~]# lsmod|grep kvm -kvm_intel 294912 0 -kvm 786432 1 kvm_intel -irqbypass 16384 1 kvm - - -8. 测试并验证安装结果 -[root@localhost ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list - Id Name State ----------------------------------------------------- - -[root@localhost ~]# virsh --version -4.5.0 -[root@localhost ~]# virt-install --version -2.2.1 - - -9. 查看网桥信息 -[root@localhost ~]# nmcli dev -DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION -br0 bridge connected br0 -virbr0 bridge connected virbr0 -ens160 ethernet connected ens160 -lo loopback unmanaged -- -virbr0-nic tun unmanaged -- -[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con -NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE -br0 d2d68553-f97e-7549-7a26-b34a26f29318 bridge br0 -virbr0 4a11f219-20a6-46e7-b5fe-2c4f760e64f5 bridge virbr0 -ens160 ea74cf24-c2a2-ecee-3747-a2d76d46f93b ethernet ens160 - - -``` - -### 3.2 kvm web管理界面安装 - -- kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。 - -```bash -1. 安装依赖包 -[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python2-devel 若有包报错，则安装下面的包 - -[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm -[root@localhost ~]# wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/p/python-websockify-0.6.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm -[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install python2-devel python2-pip git libvirt-python supervisor nginx -[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm -[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps python-websockify-0.6.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm - - -3. 升级pip -[root@localhost ~]# pip2 install --upgrade pip -WARNING: Running pip install with root privileges is generally not a good idea. Try `pip3 install --user` instead. -Collecting pip - Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cb/28/91f26bd088ce8e22169032100d4260614fc3da435025ff389ef1d396a433/pip-20.2.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB) - 0% |▏ | 10kB 4.3MB/s et - 1% |▍ | 20kB 674kB/s et - 2% |▋ | 30kB 112kB/s et - ...... -Installing collected packages: pip -Successfully installed pip-20.2.4 - - -4. 从github上下载webvirtmgr代码 -[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ -[root@localhost src]# ls -[root@localhost src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git -[root@localhost src]# ls -webvirtmgr - - - -5. 安装webvirtmgr -[root@localhost src]# cd webvirtmgr/ -[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt -Collecting django==1.5.5 - Downloading Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1 MB) -...... - - -6. 检查sqlite3是否安装 -[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# python2 -Python 2.7.17(default, Dec 5 2019, 15:45:45) -[GCC 8.3.1 20191121 (Red Hat 8.3.1-5)] on linux -Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. ->>> import aqlite3 没有这个东西就会报错，就需要再次装 -Traceback (most recent call last): - File "", line 1, in -ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'aqlite3' ->>> import sqlite3 有这个东西就不会报错 ->>> exit() -[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# - - -7. 初始化帐号信息 -[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# python2 manage.py syncdb -WARNING:root:No local_settings file found. -Creating tables ... -Creating table auth_permission -Creating table auth_group_permissions -Creating table auth_group -Creating table auth_user_groups -Creating table auth_user_user_permissions -Creating table auth_user -Creating table django_content_type -Creating table django_session -Creating table django_site -Creating table servers_compute -Creating table instance_instance -Creating table create_flavor - -You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined. -Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes 问你是否创建超级管理员帐号 -Username (leave blank to use 'root'): admin 指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root -Email address: 1@2.com 设置超级管理员邮箱 -Password: 设置超级管理员密码 -Password (again): 再次输入超级管理员密码 -Superuser created successfully. -Installing custom SQL ... -Installing indexes ... -Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s) - - -7. 拷贝web网页至指定目录 -[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www -mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/var/www’: File exists -[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# ls /var/www -cgi-bin html -[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/ -[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/ - - - -8. 生成密钥 -[root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -Generating public/private rsa key pair. -Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): -Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): -Enter same passphrase again: -Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. -Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. -The key fingerprint is: -SHA256:dzGb7KLIT7HCOnJGVF1p1uAg2M+R8EPX5RV8dMvcc1Y root@localhost.localdomain -The key's randomart image is: -+---[RSA 3072]----+ -| ooooo+= .ooE| -| . o++++ o.oo*| -| . oo+. o .==| -| . o. . = .o| -| . S . = | -| .. + o | -| . o o . . | -| . +o + . . | -| +..o.o | -+----[SHA256]-----+ -由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器，那么这个是它的ip -[root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.50.156 -/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" -The authenticity of host '192.168.50.156 (192.168.50.156)' can't be established. -ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:sQqUajvZSfuHD9T+PkdNt5QwjMJ5RNCws+LTyZAcD54. -Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes -/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed -/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys -root@192.168.50.156's password: - -Number of key(s) added: 1 - -Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.50.156'" -and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. - - - -9. 配置端口转发 -[root@localhost ~]# ssh 192.168.50.156 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60 -Last login: Mon Nov 30 16:27:34 2020 from 192.168.50.1 -[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl -State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port -LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* - - - 10. 配置nginx -[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf <<'EOF' -user nginx; -worker_processes auto; -error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; -pid /run/nginx.pid; - -include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; - -events { - worker_connections 1024; -} - -http { - log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' - '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' - '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; - - access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; - - sendfile on; - tcp_nopush on; - tcp_nodelay on; - keepalive_timeout 65; - types_hash_max_size 2048; - - include /etc/nginx/mime.types; - default_type application/octet-stream; - - include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; - - server { - listen 80; - server_name localhost; - - include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; - - location / { - root html; - index index.html index.htm; - } - - error_page 404 /404.html; - location = /40x.html { - } - - error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; - location = /50x.html { - } - } -} - -[root@localhost ~]# cat > webvirtmgr.conf <<'EOF' - -server { - listen 80 default_server; - - server_name $hostname; - #access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log; - - location /static/ { - root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr; - expires max; - } - - location / { - proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000; - proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; - proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; - proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port; - proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr; - proxy_connect_timeout 600; - proxy_read_timeout 600; - proxy_send_timeout 600; - client_max_body_size 1024M; - } -} - - - -11. 确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口 -[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py -...... -bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' -backlog = 2048 -...... - - - -12. 重启nginx -[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx -Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service. -[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl -State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port -LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* -LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* - - -13. 设置supervisor -[root@localhost ~]# cat >> /etc/supervisord.conf < - ├─10091 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10092 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10093 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10094 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10095 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10096 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10097 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10098 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10099 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10100 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10101 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10102 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10104 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10105 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10106 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> - ├─10107 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> -lines 1-26 - - - - -15. 配置nginx用户 -[root@localhost ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash -[nginx@localhost ~]$ id -uid=989(nginx) gid=988(nginx) groups=988(nginx) -[nginx@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -Generating public/private rsa key pair. -Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa): -Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'. -Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): -Enter same passphrase again: -Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa. -Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. -The key fingerprint is: -SHA256:Q8tfrvMNQEskohXenMPf2f1tkDeg7iXDWZQ6h3mi0kU nginx@localhost.localdomain -The key's randomart image is: -+---[RSA 3072]----+ -| +.. . | -| + = + . | -| . . B oE + | -| o *.o*o.o | -| S +O+++.o| -| .o=+B o+| -| . o.*o. +| -| . o.+o . | -| .+. . | -+----[SHA256]-----+ -[nginx@localhost ~]$ touch ~/.ssh/config -[nginx@localhost ~]$ echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config -[nginx@localhost ~]$ cat ~/.ssh/config -StrictHostKeyChecking=no -UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -[nginx@localhost ~]$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config -[nginx@localhost ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.50.156 -/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" -/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed -/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys -Warning: Permanently added '192.168.50.156' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. -root@192.168.50.156's password: - -Number of key(s) added: 1 - -Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.50.156'" -and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. -[nginx@localhost ~]$ exit -logout - - - -16. 创建一个配置文件并写入东西 -[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla -[Remote libvirt SSH access] -Identity=unix-user:root -Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage -ResultAny=yes -ResultInactive=yes -ResultActive=yes - - - -17. 修改属主 -[root@localhost ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla - - - -18. 重启服务，关闭防火墙 -[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx -[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd -[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld - - - -``` - -### 3.3 kvm web界面管理 - -- 通过ip地址在浏览器上访问kvm，例如我这里就是：192.168.50.156 - -![](C:\Users\涂祖函\Desktop\a048cb4c042fdbc11864798e3158603.png) - -#### 3.3.1 kvm连接管理 - -**创建SSH连接：** - -![image-20240612174550041](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174550041.png) - -![image-20240612174613157](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174613157.png) - -![image-20240612174704047](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174704047.png) - -#### 3.3.2 kvm存储管理 - -**创建存储：** - -![image-20240612174740637](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174740637.png) - -- 创建目录 - -```bash -[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/libvirt/images/ -[root@localhost ~]# df -h -Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on -devtmpfs 963M 0 963M 0% /dev -tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm -tmpfs 981M 8.9M 972M 1% /run -tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup -/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 2.6G 15G 15% / -/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 161M 854M 16% /boot -tmpfs 196M 0 196M 0% /run/user/0 -[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /virtual_host - -``` - -![image-20240612174833680](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174833680.png) - -![image-20240612174856501](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174856501.png) - -- 关机加硬盘 - -![image-20240612191340797](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191340797.png) - -![image-20240612191416525](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191416525.png) - -image-20240612191444817 - -![image-20240612191624049](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191624049.png) - -- 分区，格式化，并挂载 - -```bash -[root@localhost ~]# lsblk -NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT -sr0 11:0 1 7.9G 0 rom -nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk -├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot -└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 19G 0 part - ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / - └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] -nvme0n2 259:3 0 200G 0 disk -[root@localhost ~]# ls /virtual_host/ -[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/nvme0n2 - -Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). -Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. -Be careful before using the write command. - -Device does not contain a recognized partition table. -Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x749c27d5. - -Command (m for help): n -Partition type - p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) - e extended (container for logical partitions) -Select (default p): p -Partition number (1-4, default 1): -First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048): -Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-419430399, default 419430399): - -Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 200 GiB. - -Command (m for help): w -The partition table has been altered. -Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. -Syncing disks. - -[root@localhost ~]# partprobe -Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. -[root@localhost ~]# lsblk -NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT -sr0 11:0 1 7.9G 0 rom -nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk -├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot -└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 19G 0 part - ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / - └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] -nvme0n2 259:3 0 200G 0 disk -└─nvme0n2p1 259:5 0 200G 0 part -[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme0n2p1 -meta-data=/dev/nvme0n2p1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=13107136 blks - = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 - = crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0 - = reflink=1 -data = bsize=4096 blocks=52428544, imaxpct=25 - = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks -naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1 -log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=25599, version=2 - = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 -realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 - -[root@localhost ~]# blkid -/dev/nvme0n1: PTUUID="fd9e4a5a" PTTYPE="dos" -/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="339d86d6-edac-49ff-9abe-3aa194a9051d" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="fd9e4a5a-01" -/dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="kuI3zy-HfI6-YQ7e-u6ks-3V4s-nxR9-Aebqde" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="fd9e4a5a-02" -/dev/nvme0n2: PTUUID="749c27d5" PTTYPE="dos" -/dev/nvme0n2p1: UUID="2d8d33cd-472d-477f-8943-caf38754d252" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="749c27d5-01" -/dev/sr0: UUID="2020-04-04-08-21-15-00" LABEL="RHEL-8-2-0-BaseOS-x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="47055c33" PTTYPE="dos" -/dev/mapper/rhel-root: UUID="904f3641-9768-4b89-9268-71937eb86178" TYPE="xfs" -/dev/mapper/rhel-swap: UUID="fff63d51-b23a-4e77-a386-3ee9cedf339d" TYPE="swap" -[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab -添加此内容 -UUID="2d8d33cd-472d-477f-8943-caf38754d252" /virtual_host xfs defaults 0 0 - - - -[root@localhost ~]# mount -a -[root@localhost ~]# df -h -Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on -devtmpfs 963M 0 963M 0% /dev -tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm -tmpfs 981M 8.9M 972M 1% /run -tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup -/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 2.6G 15G 15% / -/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 161M 854M 16% /boot -tmpfs 196M 0 196M 0% /run/user/0 -/dev/nvme0n2p1 200G 1.5G 199G 1% /virtual_host - - -``` - -![image-20240612191722141](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191722141.png) - -- 通过远程连接软件上传ISO镜像文件至存储目录/var/lib/libvirt/images/ - -```bash -[root@localhost ~]# ls /virtual_host -rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso - -``` - -- 在 web 界面查看ISO镜像是否存在 - -![image-20240612191831359](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191831359.png) - -- 创建系统安装镜像 - -![image-20240612191905631](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191905631.png) - -![image-20240612191921763](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191921763.png) - -![image-20240612191936264](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191936264.png) - -#### 3.3.3 kvm网络管理 - -- 添加桥接网络 - -![image-20240612192025386](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192025386.png) - -![image-20240612192037311](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192037311.png) - -![image-20240612192053662](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192053662.png) - -![image-20240612192104932](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192104932.png) - -#### 3.3.4 实例管理 - -**实例(虚拟机)创建:** - -![image-20240612192134288](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192134288.png) - -![image-20240612192149396](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192149396.png) - -![image-20240612192200347](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192200347.png) - -- 虚拟机插入光盘 - -![image-20240612192235622](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192235622.png) - -- 启动虚拟机 - -![image-20240612192301926](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192301926.png) - -![image-20240612192320633](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192320633.png) - -![image-20240612192340924](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192340924.png) - -![image-20240612192410585](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192410585.png) - -- 虚拟机安装 - - 虚拟机安装步骤就是安装系统的步骤，此处就不再赘述 - -![image-20240612192432926](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192432926.png) - -![image-20240612192444591](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192444591.png) - -## 4. 案例 - -### 4.1 案例1 - -web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201202151248869.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpX3FpbmdqdW4=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center) - -- web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面 - -```bash -[root@KVM ~]# wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/n/novnc-0.5.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm -[root@KVM ~]# yum -y install novnc-0.5.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm -[root@KVM ~]# ll /etc/rc.local -lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Jul 21 22:57 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local -[root@KVM ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local --rw-r--r--. 1 root root 474 Jul 21 22:57 /etc/rc.d/rc.local -[root@KVM ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local -[root@KVM ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local #在此文件末尾追加下面的内容 -... -nohup novnc_server 192.168.50.156:5920 & -[root@KVM ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local -[root@KVM ~]# nohup: ignoring input and appending output to 'nohup.out' - - -``` - -- 做完以上操作后再次访问即可正常访问 - -![image-20240612192625550](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192625550.png) - -### 4.2 案例2 - -- 第一次通过web访问kvm时可能会一直访问不了，一直转圈，而命令行界面一直报错(too many open files) - -```bash -[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf - -user nginx; -worker_processes auto; -error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; -pid /run/nginx.pid; - -worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; 添加此行 - -include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; - - - - -[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf -...... -# End of file -* soft nofile 655350 添加这两行 -* hard nofile 655350 - - -[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx - - -``` -