diff --git a/KVM/kvm.md b/KVM/kvm.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7f043ea --- /dev/null +++ b/KVM/kvm.md @@ -0,0 +1,1239 @@ +## 1.虚拟化介绍 + +virtualization + +虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。 + +物理机我们一般称为**宿主机（Host）**，宿主机上面的虚拟机称为**客户机（Guest）**。 + +那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？ +这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。 + +根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种： + +- 全虚拟化（企业级虚拟化） +- 半虚拟化 （桌面级虚拟化） + +**全虚拟化：** +Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型 + +![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201130161412527.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpX3FpbmdqdW4=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center) + +**半虚拟化：** +物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型 + +![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020113016145740.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpX3FpbmdqdW4=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center) + +**理论上讲：** +全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高； +半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。 + + + +## 2.kvm介绍 + +kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。 +KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。 + +那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。 + +作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。 + +大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。 + +Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。 + +其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。 + +Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh + +- libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求； + +- API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具； + +- virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具 + + + +## 3. kvm部署 + +### 3.1 kvm安装 + +部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况： + +- 虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化 +- 物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化 + +![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201130161915435.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpX3FpbmdqdW4=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center) + +![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020113016192641.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpX3FpbmdqdW4=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center) + +```bash +1. 关闭防火墙与SELINUX +[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld +[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 +setenforce: SELinux is disabled +[root@localhost ~]# reboot + +2. 配置网络源 + +[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo + +[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo +[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm +[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel* +[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel* +[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ +[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls +CentOS-Base.repo epel-playground.repo epel-testing-modular.repo redhat.repo +epel-modular.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo +[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++ + +3. /验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的 +[root@localhost ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo +vmx +vmx +vmx 有几个vmx就说明是几核 +vmx +vmx +vmx +vmx +vmx + + +4. kvm安装 +[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools 若有些包报错，则安装下面的包 + +[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/updates/x86_64/Packages/qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm +[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm +[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm +[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm +[root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm +[root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm + + +5. 因为虚拟机中网络，我们一般都是和公司的其他服务器是同一个网段，所以我们需要把 \ +KVM服务器的网卡配置成桥接模式。这样的话KVM的虚拟机就可以通过该桥接网卡和公司内部 \ +其他服务器处于同一网段 +[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ +[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls +ifcfg-ens160 +[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens160 ifcfg-br0 +[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls +ifcfg-br0 ifcfg-ens160 +[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0 + +TYPE="Bridge" +BOOTPROTO="static" +NAME="br0" +DEVICE="br0" +ONBOOT="yes" +NM_CONTROLLED=no 在8的版本里可以不用写这条命令 +IPADDR=192.168.50.156 虚拟机IP +NETMASK=255.255.255.0 +GATEWAY=192.168.50.2 +DNS1=114.114.114.114 +[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens160 + +TYPE="Ethernet" +BOOTPROTO="static" +BRIDGE=br0 +NAME="ens160" +DEVICE="ens160" +ONBOOT="yes" + +[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager +[root@localhost ~]# ifdown ens160;ifup ens160 +Error: '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160' is not an active connection. +Error: no active connection provided. +Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3) +[root@localhost ~]# ifdown br0;ifup br0 +Connection 'br0' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2) +Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4) +[root@localhost ~]# ip a +1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 + link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 + inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 ::1/128 scope host + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +2: ens160: mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000 + link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff +4: br0: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 + link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 192.168.50.156/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute br0 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 fe80::bc35:faff:fe61:57d6/64 scope link + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + + +6. 启动服务 +[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd +[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status libvirtd +● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon + Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.servi> + Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-11-30 16:49:26> + Docs: man:libvirtd(8) + https://libvirt.org + Main PID: 6015 (libvirtd) + Tasks: 19 (limit: 32768) + Memory: 82.0M + CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service + ├─6015 /usr/sbin/libvirtd + ├─6088 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/> + └─6089 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/> + +Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6079]: list> +Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: star> +Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: comp> +Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:> +Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:> +Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read> +Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: usin> +Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read> +Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read> +Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:> +lines 1-23/23 (END) +[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl +State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port +LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]: + +7. 验证安装结果 +[root@localhost ~]# lsmod|grep kvm +kvm_intel 294912 0 +kvm 786432 1 kvm_intel +irqbypass 16384 1 kvm + + +8. 测试并验证安装结果 +[root@localhost ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list + Id Name State +---------------------------------------------------- + +[root@localhost ~]# virsh --version +4.5.0 +[root@localhost ~]# virt-install --version +2.2.1 + + +9. 查看网桥信息 +[root@localhost ~]# nmcli dev +DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION +br0 bridge connected br0 +virbr0 bridge connected virbr0 +ens160 ethernet connected ens160 +lo loopback unmanaged -- +virbr0-nic tun unmanaged -- +[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con +NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE +br0 d2d68553-f97e-7549-7a26-b34a26f29318 bridge br0 +virbr0 4a11f219-20a6-46e7-b5fe-2c4f760e64f5 bridge virbr0 +ens160 ea74cf24-c2a2-ecee-3747-a2d76d46f93b ethernet ens160 + + +``` + +### 3.2 kvm web管理界面安装 + +- kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。 + +```bash +1. 安装依赖包 +[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python2-devel 若有包报错，则安装下面的包 + +[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm +[root@localhost ~]# wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/p/python-websockify-0.6.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm +[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install python2-devel python2-pip git libvirt-python supervisor nginx +[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm +[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps python-websockify-0.6.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm + + +3. 升级pip +[root@localhost ~]# pip2 install --upgrade pip +WARNING: Running pip install with root privileges is generally not a good idea. Try `pip3 install --user` instead. +Collecting pip + Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cb/28/91f26bd088ce8e22169032100d4260614fc3da435025ff389ef1d396a433/pip-20.2.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB) + 0% |▏ | 10kB 4.3MB/s et + 1% |▍ | 20kB 674kB/s et + 2% |▋ | 30kB 112kB/s et + ...... +Installing collected packages: pip +Successfully installed pip-20.2.4 + + +4. 从github上下载webvirtmgr代码 +[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ +[root@localhost src]# ls +[root@localhost src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git +[root@localhost src]# ls +webvirtmgr + + + +5. 安装webvirtmgr +[root@localhost src]# cd webvirtmgr/ +[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt +Collecting django==1.5.5 + Downloading Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1 MB) +...... + + +6. 检查sqlite3是否安装 +[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# python2 +Python 2.7.17(default, Dec 5 2019, 15:45:45) +[GCC 8.3.1 20191121 (Red Hat 8.3.1-5)] on linux +Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. +>>> import aqlite3 没有这个东西就会报错，就需要再次装 +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in +ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'aqlite3' +>>> import sqlite3 有这个东西就不会报错 +>>> exit() +[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# + + +7. 初始化帐号信息 +[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# python2 manage.py syncdb +WARNING:root:No local_settings file found. +Creating tables ... +Creating table auth_permission +Creating table auth_group_permissions +Creating table auth_group +Creating table auth_user_groups +Creating table auth_user_user_permissions +Creating table auth_user +Creating table django_content_type +Creating table django_session +Creating table django_site +Creating table servers_compute +Creating table instance_instance +Creating table create_flavor + +You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined. +Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes 问你是否创建超级管理员帐号 +Username (leave blank to use 'root'): admin 指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root +Email address: 1@2.com 设置超级管理员邮箱 +Password: 设置超级管理员密码 +Password (again): 再次输入超级管理员密码 +Superuser created successfully. +Installing custom SQL ... +Installing indexes ... +Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s) + + +7. 拷贝web网页至指定目录 +[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www +mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/var/www’: File exists +[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# ls /var/www +cgi-bin html +[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/ +[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/ + + + +8. 生成密钥 +[root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa +Generating public/private rsa key pair. +Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): +Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): +Enter same passphrase again: +Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. +Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. +The key fingerprint is: +SHA256:dzGb7KLIT7HCOnJGVF1p1uAg2M+R8EPX5RV8dMvcc1Y root@localhost.localdomain +The key's randomart image is: ++---[RSA 3072]----+ +| ooooo+= .ooE| +| . o++++ o.oo*| +| . oo+. o .==| +| . o. . = .o| +| . S . = | +| .. + o | +| . o o . . | +| . +o + . . | +| +..o.o | ++----[SHA256]-----+ +由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器，那么这个是它的ip +[root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.50.156 +/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" +The authenticity of host '192.168.50.156 (192.168.50.156)' can't be established. +ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:sQqUajvZSfuHD9T+PkdNt5QwjMJ5RNCws+LTyZAcD54. +Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes +/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed +/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys +root@192.168.50.156's password: + +Number of key(s) added: 1 + +Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.50.156'" +and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. + + + +9. 配置端口转发 +[root@localhost ~]# ssh 192.168.50.156 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60 +Last login: Mon Nov 30 16:27:34 2020 from 192.168.50.1 +[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl +State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port +LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* + + + 10. 配置nginx +[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf <<'EOF' +user nginx; +worker_processes auto; +error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; +pid /run/nginx.pid; + +include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; + +events { + worker_connections 1024; +} + +http { + log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' + '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' + '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; + + access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; + + sendfile on; + tcp_nopush on; + tcp_nodelay on; + keepalive_timeout 65; + types_hash_max_size 2048; + + include /etc/nginx/mime.types; + default_type application/octet-stream; + + include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; + + server { + listen 80; + server_name localhost; + + include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; + + location / { + root html; + index index.html index.htm; + } + + error_page 404 /404.html; + location = /40x.html { + } + + error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; + location = /50x.html { + } + } +} + +[root@localhost ~]# cat > webvirtmgr.conf <<'EOF' + +server { + listen 80 default_server; + + server_name $hostname; + #access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log; + + location /static/ { + root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr; + expires max; + } + + location / { + proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000; + proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; + proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; + proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port; + proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr; + proxy_connect_timeout 600; + proxy_read_timeout 600; + proxy_send_timeout 600; + client_max_body_size 1024M; + } +} + + + +11. 确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口 +[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py +...... +bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' +backlog = 2048 +...... + + + +12. 重启nginx +[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx +Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service. +[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl +State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port +LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* +LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* + + +13. 设置supervisor +[root@localhost ~]# cat >> /etc/supervisord.conf < + ├─10091 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10092 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10093 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10094 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10095 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10096 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10097 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10098 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10099 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10100 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10101 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10102 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10104 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10105 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10106 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> + ├─10107 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> +lines 1-26 + + + + +15. 配置nginx用户 +[root@localhost ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash +[nginx@localhost ~]$ id +uid=989(nginx) gid=988(nginx) groups=988(nginx) +[nginx@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa +Generating public/private rsa key pair. +Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa): +Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'. +Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): +Enter same passphrase again: +Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa. +Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. +The key fingerprint is: +SHA256:Q8tfrvMNQEskohXenMPf2f1tkDeg7iXDWZQ6h3mi0kU nginx@localhost.localdomain +The key's randomart image is: ++---[RSA 3072]----+ +| +.. . | +| + = + . | +| . . B oE + | +| o *.o*o.o | +| S +O+++.o| +| .o=+B o+| +| . o.*o. +| +| . o.+o . | +| .+. . | ++----[SHA256]-----+ +[nginx@localhost ~]$ touch ~/.ssh/config +[nginx@localhost ~]$ echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config +[nginx@localhost ~]$ cat ~/.ssh/config +StrictHostKeyChecking=no +UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null +[nginx@localhost ~]$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config +[nginx@localhost ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.50.156 +/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" +/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed +/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys +Warning: Permanently added '192.168.50.156' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. +root@192.168.50.156's password: + +Number of key(s) added: 1 + +Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.50.156'" +and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. +[nginx@localhost ~]$ exit +logout + + + +16. 创建一个配置文件并写入东西 +[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla +[Remote libvirt SSH access] +Identity=unix-user:root +Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage +ResultAny=yes +ResultInactive=yes +ResultActive=yes + + + +17. 修改属主 +[root@localhost ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla + + + +18. 重启服务，关闭防火墙 +[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx +[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd +[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld + + + +``` + +### 3.3 kvm web界面管理 + +- 通过ip地址在浏览器上访问kvm，例如我这里就是：192.168.50.156 + +![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020120122395657.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpX3FpbmdqdW4=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center) + +#### 3.3.1 kvm连接管理 + +**创建SSH连接：** + +![image-20240612174550041](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174550041.png) + +![image-20240612174613157](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174613157.png) + +![image-20240612174704047](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174704047.png) + +#### 3.3.2 kvm存储管理 + +**创建存储：** + +![image-20240612174740637](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174740637.png) + +- 创建目录 + +```bash +[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/libvirt/images/ +[root@localhost ~]# df -h +Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on +devtmpfs 963M 0 963M 0% /dev +tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm +tmpfs 981M 8.9M 972M 1% /run +tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup +/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 2.6G 15G 15% / +/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 161M 854M 16% /boot +tmpfs 196M 0 196M 0% /run/user/0 +[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /virtual_host + +``` + +![image-20240612174833680](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174833680.png) + +![image-20240612174856501](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174856501.png) + +- 关机加硬盘 + +![image-20240612191340797](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191340797.png) + +![image-20240612191416525](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191416525.png) + +image-20240612191444817 + +![image-20240612191624049](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191624049.png) + +- 分区，格式化，并挂载 + +```bash +[root@localhost ~]# lsblk +NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT +sr0 11:0 1 7.9G 0 rom +nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk +├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot +└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 19G 0 part + ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / + └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] +nvme0n2 259:3 0 200G 0 disk +[root@localhost ~]# ls /virtual_host/ +[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/nvme0n2 + +Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). +Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. +Be careful before using the write command. + +Device does not contain a recognized partition table. +Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x749c27d5. + +Command (m for help): n +Partition type + p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) + e extended (container for logical partitions) +Select (default p): p +Partition number (1-4, default 1): +First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048): +Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-419430399, default 419430399): + +Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 200 GiB. + +Command (m for help): w +The partition table has been altered. +Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. +Syncing disks. + +[root@localhost ~]# partprobe +Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. +[root@localhost ~]# lsblk +NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT +sr0 11:0 1 7.9G 0 rom +nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk +├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot +└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 19G 0 part + ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / + └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] +nvme0n2 259:3 0 200G 0 disk +└─nvme0n2p1 259:5 0 200G 0 part +[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme0n2p1 +meta-data=/dev/nvme0n2p1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=13107136 blks + = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 + = crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0 + = reflink=1 +data = bsize=4096 blocks=52428544, imaxpct=25 + = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks +naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1 +log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=25599, version=2 + = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 +realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 + +[root@localhost ~]# blkid +/dev/nvme0n1: PTUUID="fd9e4a5a" PTTYPE="dos" +/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="339d86d6-edac-49ff-9abe-3aa194a9051d" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="fd9e4a5a-01" +/dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="kuI3zy-HfI6-YQ7e-u6ks-3V4s-nxR9-Aebqde" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="fd9e4a5a-02" +/dev/nvme0n2: PTUUID="749c27d5" PTTYPE="dos" +/dev/nvme0n2p1: UUID="2d8d33cd-472d-477f-8943-caf38754d252" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="749c27d5-01" +/dev/sr0: UUID="2020-04-04-08-21-15-00" LABEL="RHEL-8-2-0-BaseOS-x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="47055c33" PTTYPE="dos" +/dev/mapper/rhel-root: UUID="904f3641-9768-4b89-9268-71937eb86178" TYPE="xfs" +/dev/mapper/rhel-swap: UUID="fff63d51-b23a-4e77-a386-3ee9cedf339d" TYPE="swap" +[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab +添加此内容 +UUID="2d8d33cd-472d-477f-8943-caf38754d252" /virtual_host xfs defaults 0 0 + + + +[root@localhost ~]# mount -a +[root@localhost ~]# df -h +Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on +devtmpfs 963M 0 963M 0% /dev +tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm +tmpfs 981M 8.9M 972M 1% /run +tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup +/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 2.6G 15G 15% / +/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 161M 854M 16% /boot +tmpfs 196M 0 196M 0% /run/user/0 +/dev/nvme0n2p1 200G 1.5G 199G 1% /virtual_host + + +``` + +![image-20240612191722141](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191722141.png) + +- 通过远程连接软件上传ISO镜像文件至存储目录/var/lib/libvirt/images/ + +```bash +[root@localhost ~]# ls /virtual_host +rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso + +``` + +- 在 web 界面查看ISO镜像是否存在 + +![image-20240612191831359](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191831359.png) + +- 创建系统安装镜像 + +![image-20240612191905631](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191905631.png) + +![image-20240612191921763](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191921763.png) + +![image-20240612191936264](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191936264.png) + +#### 3.3.3 kvm网络管理 + +- 添加桥接网络 + +![image-20240612192025386](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192025386.png) + +![image-20240612192037311](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192037311.png) + +![image-20240612192053662](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192053662.png) + +![image-20240612192104932](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192104932.png) + +#### 3.3.4 实例管理 + +**实例(虚拟机)创建:** + +![image-20240612192134288](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192134288.png) + +![image-20240612192149396](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192149396.png) + +![image-20240612192200347](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192200347.png) + +- 虚拟机插入光盘 + +![image-20240612192235622](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192235622.png) + +- 启动虚拟机 + +![image-20240612192301926](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192301926.png) + +![image-20240612192320633](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192320633.png) + +![image-20240612192340924](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192340924.png) + +![image-20240612192410585](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192410585.png) + +- 虚拟机安装 + - 虚拟机安装步骤就是安装系统的步骤，此处就不再赘述 + +![image-20240612192432926](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192432926.png) + +![image-20240612192444591](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192444591.png) + +## 4. 案例 + +### 4.1 案例1 + +web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201202151248869.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpX3FpbmdqdW4=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center) + +- web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面 + +```bash +[root@KVM ~]# wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/n/novnc-0.5.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm +[root@KVM ~]# yum -y install novnc-0.5.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm +[root@KVM ~]# ll /etc/rc.local +lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Jul 21 22:57 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local +[root@KVM ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local +-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 474 Jul 21 22:57 /etc/rc.d/rc.local +[root@KVM ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local +[root@KVM ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local #在此文件末尾追加下面的内容 +... +nohup novnc_server 192.168.50.156:5920 & +[root@KVM ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local +[root@KVM ~]# nohup: ignoring input and appending output to 'nohup.out' + + +``` + +- 做完以上操作后再次访问即可正常访问 + +![image-20240612192625550](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192625550.png) + +### 4.2 案例2 + +- 第一次通过web访问kvm时可能会一直访问不了，一直转圈，而命令行界面一直报错(too many open files) + +```bash +[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf + +user nginx; +worker_processes auto; +error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; +pid /run/nginx.pid; + +worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; 添加此行 + +include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; + + + + +[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf +...... +# End of file +* soft nofile 655350 添加这两行 +* hard nofile 655350 + + +[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx + + +``` + +## 5.基础命令 + +### 1.创建客户机 + +**运行 `virt-install` 命令**： 使用 `virt-install` 命令来创建和配置新的虚拟机。以下是一个创建虚拟机的基本示例命令： + +```bash +virt-install \ +--name vm3 \ +--ram 2048 \ +--vcpus 2 \ +--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm3.img,size=10 \ +--os-type linux \ +--os-variant centos7.0 \ +--network type=direct,source=ens33,source_mode=private,model=virtio,mac=52:54:00:24:68:43 \ +--graphics vnc \ +--cdrom /CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso +``` + +这个命令的参数解释如下： + +- `--name vm_name`: 虚拟机名称。 +- `--ram 2048`: 分配给虚拟机的内存（MB）。 +- `--vcpus 2`: 分配给虚拟机的虚拟CPU数量。 +- `--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm_name.img,size=20`: 创建一个20GB的虚拟磁盘文件。 +- `--os-type linux`: 操作系统类型。 +- `--os-variant ubuntu20.04`: 操作系统版本（使用 `osinfo-query os` 可以查看支持的操作系统版本）。 +- `--network network=default`: 使用默认的虚拟网络。 +- `--graphics vnc`: 使用VNC作为图形显示方式。 +- `--cdrom /path/to/installation.iso`: 安装介质的路径 + +### 2.控制命令 + +```bash +1.启动客户机 +varsh start vm1 +2.重启客户机 +varsh reboot vm1 +3.关闭 +varsh shutdown vm1 +virsh destroy vm1 #强制关闭，不建议用 +4.暂停挂起 +varsh suspend vm1 +5.查看客户机的资源使用情况 +varsh domstats vm1 +6.编辑客户机配置文件 +varsh edit vm1 #不适合自动化 +vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm1.xml #修改后要 varsh define 文件生效 +7.查看所有客户机状态 +virsh list --all +8.查看客户机的详细信息： +virsh dominfo vm1 +9.查看所有开机自启的客户机 +ls /etc/libvirt/qemu/autostart/ +virsh list --all --autostart +10.删除客户机 +virsh undefine vm2 #记得先关机 +11.删除客户机和磁盘镜像文件 +virsh undefine vm2 --remove-all-storage +``` + + + +### 3.快照 + +1.创建vm1客户机快照 + +```bash +virsh snapshot-create-as vm1 #快照名自动生成 +virsh snapshot-create-as vm1 vm1-kz1 #快照名为vm1-kz1 +``` + +2.给vm1客户机恢复快照 + +```bash +virsh shutdown vm8 +virsh snapshot-revert vm1 vm1-kz1 +``` + +3.查看vm1客户机快照 + +```bash +virsh snapshot-list vm1 +``` + +4.删除vm1客户机快照 + +```bash +virsh snapshot-delete --snapshotname vm1-kz1 vm1 +``` + + + +### 4.克隆 + +1.克隆vm1客户机 + +```bash +virt-clone -o vm1 -n vm2 --auto-clone #新客户机vm2 +``` + +2.克隆客户机并指定新的磁盘镜像文件路径和名称 + +```shell +virt-clone -o vm1 -n vm2 -f /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm2.img +``` + + + +### 5.磁盘镜像文件 + +**1.查看镜像文件格式**： + +```bash +qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1.img +``` + +2.磁盘镜像文件格式 + +**raw** + +使用文件来模拟实际的硬盘(当然也可以使用一块真实的硬盘或一个分区)。由于原生的裸格式，不支持snapshot也是很正常的。但如果你使用LVM的裸设备，那就另当别论。说到LVM还是十分的犀利的目前来LVM的snapshot、性能、可扩展性方面都还是有相当的效果的。目前来看备份也问题不大。就是在虚拟机迁移方面还是有很大的限制。但目前虚拟化的现状来看，真正需要热迁移的情况目前需求还不是是否的强烈。虽然使用LVM做虚拟机镜像的相关公开资料比较少，但目前来看牺牲一点灵活性，换取性能和便于管理还是不错的选择。 + +**qcow2** + +现在比较主流的一种虚拟化镜像格式，经过一代的优化，目前qcow2的性能上接近raw裸格式的性能，这个也算是redhat的官方渠道了 + +对于qcow2的格式，几点还是比较突出的，qcow2的snapshot，可以在镜像上做N多个快照： + + •更小的存储空间 + + •Copy-on-write support + + •支持多个snapshot，对历史snapshot进行管理 + + •支持zlib的磁盘压缩 + + •支持AES的加密 + +**2.格式转换把raw格式转换成qcow2格式** + +```bash +qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm2.img /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm2_qcow2.img +``` + +**3.创建磁盘** + +```bash +qemu-img create -f qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm_disk.qcow2 20G +``` + +**4.将新创建的磁盘附加到现有的虚拟机** + +```bash +virsh attach-disk <虚拟机名称> /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm_disk.qcow2 vdb --persistent +4.1 卸载磁盘 +virsh detach-disk <虚拟机名称> /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm_disk.qcow2 vdb --persistent +``` + +**5.查看虚拟机磁盘信息**： + +```bash +virsh domblklist <虚拟机名称> +``` + +**6.查看单个磁盘信息：** + +```bash +qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm_disk.qcow2 +``` + +#### **1.扩展源磁盘镜像文件的大小** + +**安全扩展分区和文件系统步骤** + +##### 步骤 1：备份重要数据 + +在进行任何磁盘操作之前，首先备份虚拟机磁盘或重要数据。你可以使用 `virsh` 命令导出虚拟机磁盘镜像： + +```bash +virsh shutdown <虚拟机名称> +virsh dumpxml <虚拟机名称> > /tmp/<虚拟机名称>.xml +cp /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm4.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm4_backup.qcow2 +``` + +##### 步骤 2：扩展磁盘镜像文件的大小 + +使用 `qemu-img resize` 命令扩展磁盘镜像文件的大小： + +``` +qemu-img resize /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm4.qcow2 100G +``` + +##### 步骤 3：调整分区和文件系统大小 + +使用 `virt-resize` 工具来调整分区和文件系统大小，而不丢失现有数据。 + +**1.安装 `libguestfs-tools`：** + +```bash +yum install libguestfs-tools +``` + +**2.创建一个新的更大的磁盘镜像**： + +```bash +qemu-img create -f qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm4_resized.qcow2 100G +``` + +**3.使用 `virt-resize` 调整分区大小** + +``` +virt-resize --expand /dev/sda /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm4.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm4_resized.qcow2 +``` + +- `--expand /dev/sda ：指定要扩展的分区（假设根分区是 `/dev/sda`，请根据实际情况调整）。 +- `/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm4.qcow2`：源磁盘镜像。 +- `/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm4_resized.qcow2`：目标磁盘镜像。 + +**4.替换旧的磁盘镜像**： + +```bash +mv /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm4.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm_disk_old.qcow2 #备份 +mv /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm4_resized.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm4.qcow2 #替换 +``` + +**直接在虚拟机内部调整分区和文件系统大小（备用方法）** + +执行完上述步骤2后 + +1.登录到虚拟机 + +2.使用 `fdisk` 调整分区大小 + +```bash +fdisk /dev/vda +1.删除现有分区（确保不要格式化分区）。 +2.创建一个新的分区，使用所有可用空间。 +3.写入更改并退出 +``` + +3.使用 `resize2fs` 调整文件系统大小： + +```bash +resize2fs /dev/vda1 +``` + +4.验证文件系统大小： + +```shell +df -h +``` + + + +## 6.KVM存储 + +在Libvirt中，存储池是用于组织和管理存储资源的抽象。存储池可以有多种类型，其中常见的包括目录存储池和逻辑卷存储池。下面是这两种存储池的详细介绍及操作步骤。 + +#### 1.目录存储池（Directory Storage Pool） + +目录存储池是最简单的一种存储池类型。它使用文件系统中的一个目录来存放虚拟机磁盘镜像文件。 + +**1.创建存储目录：** + +```bash + mkdir -p /var/lib/libvirt/vmfs +``` + +**2.定义存储池**：两种写法 + +```bash +virsh pool-define-as vmdisk dir - - - - "/var/lib/libvirt/vmfs" +virsh pool-define-as vmdisk --type dir --target /var/lib/libvirt/vmfs +``` + +**3.构建存储池**： + +```bash +virsh pool-build vmdisk +``` + +**4.启动存储池**： + +``` +virsh pool-start vmdisk +``` + +**5.设置存储池自动启动** + +``` +virsh pool-autostart vmdisk +``` + +**6.创建存储卷** + +存储卷就是磁盘镜像文件，用卷管理命令不需要知道存储池路径,只需要存储池名字 + +```bash +virsh vol-create-as vmdisk vm-1.qcow2 10G --format qcow2 +``` + +#### 2.创建逻辑卷存储池的步骤 + +假设我们有一个卷组`vg_data`，我们要基于此卷组创建一个名为`lvmpool`的逻辑卷存储池。这里`lvmpool`是存储池的名称，而`vg_data`是卷组的名称 + +**1.定义存储池** + +```bash +virsh pool-define-as lvmpool logical - - - - "vg_data" +``` + +后续跟目录步骤一样把vmdisk换成lvmpool + +#### 3.查看存储池和存储卷 + +**1.查看所有存储池**： + +```bash +virsh pool-list --all +``` + +**2.查看存储池详细信息**： + +``` +virsh pool-info vmdisk +``` + +**3.查看存储池中的存储卷** + +```bash +virsh vol-list vmdisk +``` +