## 1.虚拟化介绍 virtualization 虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。 物理机我们一般称为**宿主机（Host）**，宿主机上面的虚拟机称为**客户机（Guest）**。 那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？ 这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。 根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种： - 全虚拟化（企业级虚拟化） - 半虚拟化 （桌面级虚拟化） **全虚拟化：** Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型 ![image-20240612162317455](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612162317455.png) **半虚拟化：** 物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型 ![image-20240612150630506](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612150630506.png) **理论上讲：** 全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高； 半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。 ## 2.kvm介绍 kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。 KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。 那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。 作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。 大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。 Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。 其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。 Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh - libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求； - API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具； - virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具 ## 3. kvm部署 ### 3.1 kvm安装 部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况： - 虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化 - 物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化 ![image-20240612150918572](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612150918572.png) ![image-20240612150949940](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612150949940.png) ```bash 1. 关闭防火墙与SELINUX [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 setenforce: SELinux is disabled [root@localhost ~]# reboot 2. 配置网络源 [root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo [root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel* [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel* [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS-Base.repo epel-playground.repo epel-testing-modular.repo redhat.repo epel-modular.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++ 3. /验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的 [root@localhost ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo vmx vmx vmx 有几个vmx就说明是几核 vmx vmx vmx vmx vmx 4. kvm安装 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools 若有些包报错，则安装下面的包 [root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/updates/x86_64/Packages/qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 5. 因为虚拟机中网络，我们一般都是和公司的其他服务器是同一个网段，所以我们需要把 \ KVM服务器的网卡配置成桥接模式。这样的话KVM的虚拟机就可以通过该桥接网卡和公司内部 \ 其他服务器处于同一网段 [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhost network-scripts]# ls ifcfg-ens160 [root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens160 ifcfg-br0 [root@localhost network-scripts]# ls ifcfg-br0 ifcfg-ens160 [root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0 TYPE="Bridge" BOOTPROTO="static" NAME="br0" DEVICE="br0" ONBOOT="yes" NM_CONTROLLED=no 在8的版本里可以不用写这条命令 IPADDR=192.168.50.156 虚拟机IP NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.50.2 DNS1=114.114.114.114 [root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens160 TYPE="Ethernet" BOOTPROTO="static" BRIDGE=br0 NAME="ens160" DEVICE="ens160" ONBOOT="yes" [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager [root@localhost ~]# ifdown ens160;ifup ens160 Error: '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160' is not an active connection. Error: no active connection provided. Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3) [root@localhost ~]# ifdown br0;ifup br0 Connection 'br0' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2) Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4) [root@localhost ~]# ip a 1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens160: mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 4: br0: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:72:93:e6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.50.156/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute br0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::bc35:faff:fe61:57d6/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 6. 启动服务 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status libvirtd ● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.servi> Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-11-30 16:49:26> Docs: man:libvirtd(8) https://libvirt.org Main PID: 6015 (libvirtd) Tasks: 19 (limit: 32768) Memory: 82.0M CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service ├─6015 /usr/sbin/libvirtd ├─6088 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/> └─6089 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/> Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6079]: list> Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: star> Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: comp> Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:> Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:> Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read> Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: usin> Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read> Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[6088]: read> Nov 30 16:49:26 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[6088]:> lines 1-23/23 (END) [root@localhost ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]: 7. 验证安装结果 [root@localhost ~]# lsmod|grep kvm kvm_intel 294912 0 kvm 786432 1 kvm_intel irqbypass 16384 1 kvm 8. 测试并验证安装结果 [root@localhost ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- [root@localhost ~]# virsh --version 4.5.0 [root@localhost ~]# virt-install --version 2.2.1 9. 查看网桥信息 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli dev DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION br0 bridge connected br0 virbr0 bridge connected virbr0 ens160 ethernet connected ens160 lo loopback unmanaged -- virbr0-nic tun unmanaged -- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE br0 d2d68553-f97e-7549-7a26-b34a26f29318 bridge br0 virbr0 4a11f219-20a6-46e7-b5fe-2c4f760e64f5 bridge virbr0 ens160 ea74cf24-c2a2-ecee-3747-a2d76d46f93b ethernet ens160 ``` ### 3.2 kvm web管理界面安装 - kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。 ```bash 1. 安装依赖包 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python2-devel 若有包报错，则安装下面的包 [root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost ~]# wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/p/python-websockify-0.6.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install python2-devel python2-pip git libvirt-python supervisor nginx [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps python-websockify-0.6.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm 3. 升级pip [root@localhost ~]# pip2 install --upgrade pip WARNING: Running pip install with root privileges is generally not a good idea. Try `pip3 install --user` instead. Collecting pip Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cb/28/91f26bd088ce8e22169032100d4260614fc3da435025ff389ef1d396a433/pip-20.2.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB) 0% |▏ | 10kB 4.3MB/s et 1% |▍ | 20kB 674kB/s et 2% |▋ | 30kB 112kB/s et ...... Installing collected packages: pip Successfully installed pip-20.2.4 4. 从github上下载webvirtmgr代码 [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@localhost src]# ls [root@localhost src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git [root@localhost src]# ls webvirtmgr 5. 安装webvirtmgr [root@localhost src]# cd webvirtmgr/ [root@localhost webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt Collecting django==1.5.5 Downloading Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1 MB) ...... 6. 检查sqlite3是否安装 [root@localhost webvirtmgr]# python2 Python 2.7.17(default, Dec 5 2019, 15:45:45) [GCC 8.3.1 20191121 (Red Hat 8.3.1-5)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import aqlite3 没有这个东西就会报错，就需要再次装 Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'aqlite3' >>> import sqlite3 有这个东西就不会报错 >>> exit() [root@localhost webvirtmgr]# 7. 初始化帐号信息 [root@localhost webvirtmgr]# python2 manage.py syncdb WARNING:root:No local_settings file found. Creating tables ... Creating table auth_permission Creating table auth_group_permissions Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user_groups Creating table auth_user_user_permissions Creating table auth_user Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session Creating table django_site Creating table servers_compute Creating table instance_instance Creating table create_flavor You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes 问你是否创建超级管理员帐号 Username (leave blank to use 'root'): admin 指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root Email address: 1@2.com 设置超级管理员邮箱 Password: 设置超级管理员密码 Password (again): 再次输入超级管理员密码 Superuser created successfully. Installing custom SQL ... Installing indexes ... Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s) 7. 拷贝web网页至指定目录 [root@localhost webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/var/www’: File exists [root@localhost webvirtmgr]# ls /var/www cgi-bin html [root@localhost webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/ [root@localhost webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/ 8. 生成密钥 [root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:dzGb7KLIT7HCOnJGVF1p1uAg2M+R8EPX5RV8dMvcc1Y root@localhost.localdomain The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 3072]----+ | ooooo+= .ooE| | . o++++ o.oo*| | . oo+. o .==| | . o. . = .o| | . S . = | | .. + o | | . o o . . | | . +o + . . | | +..o.o | +----[SHA256]-----+ 由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器，那么这个是它的ip [root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.50.156 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" The authenticity of host '192.168.50.156 (192.168.50.156)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:sQqUajvZSfuHD9T+PkdNt5QwjMJ5RNCws+LTyZAcD54. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@192.168.50.156's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.50.156'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. 9. 配置端口转发 [root@localhost ~]# ssh 192.168.50.156 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60 Last login: Mon Nov 30 16:27:34 2020 from 192.168.50.1 [root@localhost ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* 10. 配置nginx [root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf <<'EOF' user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /40x.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } } [root@localhost ~]# cat > webvirtmgr.conf <<'EOF' server { listen 80 default_server; server_name $hostname; #access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log; location /static/ { root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr; expires max; } location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr; proxy_connect_timeout 600; proxy_read_timeout 600; proxy_send_timeout 600; client_max_body_size 1024M; } } 11. 确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口 [root@localhost ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py ...... bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' backlog = 2048 ...... 12. 重启nginx [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service. [root@localhost ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:5355 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:5355 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* 13. 设置supervisor [root@localhost ~]# cat >> /etc/supervisord.conf < ├─10091 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10092 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10093 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10094 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10095 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10096 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10097 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10098 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10099 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10100 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10101 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10102 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10104 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10105 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10106 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> ├─10107 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.c> lines 1-26 15. 配置nginx用户 [root@localhost ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash [nginx@localhost ~]$ id uid=989(nginx) gid=988(nginx) groups=988(nginx) [nginx@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:Q8tfrvMNQEskohXenMPf2f1tkDeg7iXDWZQ6h3mi0kU nginx@localhost.localdomain The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 3072]----+ | +.. . | | + = + . | | . . B oE + | | o *.o*o.o | | S +O+++.o| | .o=+B o+| | . o.*o. +| | . o.+o . | | .+. . | +----[SHA256]-----+ [nginx@localhost ~]$ touch ~/.ssh/config [nginx@localhost ~]$ echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config [nginx@localhost ~]$ cat ~/.ssh/config StrictHostKeyChecking=no UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null [nginx@localhost ~]$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config [nginx@localhost ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.50.156 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys Warning: Permanently added '192.168.50.156' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.50.156's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.50.156'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. [nginx@localhost ~]$ exit logout 16. 创建一个配置文件并写入东西 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla [Remote libvirt SSH access] Identity=unix-user:root Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage ResultAny=yes ResultInactive=yes ResultActive=yes 17. 修改属主 [root@localhost ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla 18. 重启服务，关闭防火墙 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld ``` ### 3.3 kvm web界面管理 - 通过ip地址在浏览器上访问kvm，例如我这里就是：192.168.50.156 ![](C:\Users\涂祖函\Desktop\a048cb4c042fdbc11864798e3158603.png) #### 3.3.1 kvm连接管理 **创建SSH连接：** ![image-20240612174550041](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174550041.png) ![image-20240612174613157](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174613157.png) ![image-20240612174704047](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174704047.png) #### 3.3.2 kvm存储管理 **创建存储：** ![image-20240612174740637](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174740637.png) - 创建目录 ```bash [root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/libvirt/images/ [root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 963M 0 963M 0% /dev tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 981M 8.9M 972M 1% /run tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 2.6G 15G 15% / /dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 161M 854M 16% /boot tmpfs 196M 0 196M 0% /run/user/0 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /virtual_host ``` ![image-20240612174833680](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174833680.png) ![image-20240612174856501](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612174856501.png) - 关机加硬盘 ![image-20240612191340797](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191340797.png) ![image-20240612191416525](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191416525.png) image-20240612191444817 ![image-20240612191624049](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191624049.png) - 分区，格式化，并挂载 ```bash [root@localhost ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 7.9G 0 rom nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 19G 0 part ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] nvme0n2 259:3 0 200G 0 disk [root@localhost ~]# ls /virtual_host/ [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/nvme0n2 Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x749c27d5. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-419430399, default 419430399): Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 200 GiB. Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@localhost ~]# partprobe Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. [root@localhost ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 7.9G 0 rom nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 19G 0 part ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] nvme0n2 259:3 0 200G 0 disk └─nvme0n2p1 259:5 0 200G 0 part [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme0n2p1 meta-data=/dev/nvme0n2p1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=13107136 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0 = reflink=1 data = bsize=4096 blocks=52428544, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=25599, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 [root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/nvme0n1: PTUUID="fd9e4a5a" PTTYPE="dos" /dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="339d86d6-edac-49ff-9abe-3aa194a9051d" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="fd9e4a5a-01" /dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="kuI3zy-HfI6-YQ7e-u6ks-3V4s-nxR9-Aebqde" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="fd9e4a5a-02" /dev/nvme0n2: PTUUID="749c27d5" PTTYPE="dos" /dev/nvme0n2p1: UUID="2d8d33cd-472d-477f-8943-caf38754d252" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="749c27d5-01" /dev/sr0: UUID="2020-04-04-08-21-15-00" LABEL="RHEL-8-2-0-BaseOS-x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="47055c33" PTTYPE="dos" /dev/mapper/rhel-root: UUID="904f3641-9768-4b89-9268-71937eb86178" TYPE="xfs" /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: UUID="fff63d51-b23a-4e77-a386-3ee9cedf339d" TYPE="swap" [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab 添加此内容 UUID="2d8d33cd-472d-477f-8943-caf38754d252" /virtual_host xfs defaults 0 0 [root@localhost ~]# mount -a [root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 963M 0 963M 0% /dev tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 981M 8.9M 972M 1% /run tmpfs 981M 0 981M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 2.6G 15G 15% / /dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 161M 854M 16% /boot tmpfs 196M 0 196M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/nvme0n2p1 200G 1.5G 199G 1% /virtual_host ``` ![image-20240612191722141](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191722141.png) - 通过远程连接软件上传ISO镜像文件至存储目录/var/lib/libvirt/images/ ```bash [root@localhost ~]# ls /virtual_host rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso ``` - 在 web 界面查看ISO镜像是否存在 ![image-20240612191831359](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191831359.png) - 创建系统安装镜像 ![image-20240612191905631](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191905631.png) ![image-20240612191921763](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191921763.png) ![image-20240612191936264](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612191936264.png) #### 3.3.3 kvm网络管理 - 添加桥接网络 ![image-20240612192025386](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192025386.png) ![image-20240612192037311](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192037311.png) ![image-20240612192053662](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192053662.png) ![image-20240612192104932](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192104932.png) #### 3.3.4 实例管理 **实例(虚拟机)创建:** ![image-20240612192134288](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192134288.png) ![image-20240612192149396](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192149396.png) ![image-20240612192200347](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192200347.png) - 虚拟机插入光盘 ![image-20240612192235622](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192235622.png) - 启动虚拟机 ![image-20240612192301926](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192301926.png) ![image-20240612192320633](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192320633.png) ![image-20240612192340924](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192340924.png) ![image-20240612192410585](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192410585.png) - 虚拟机安装 - 虚拟机安装步骤就是安装系统的步骤，此处就不再赘述 ![image-20240612192432926](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192432926.png) ![image-20240612192444591](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192444591.png) ## 4. 案例 ### 4.1 案例1 web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201202151248869.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpX3FpbmdqdW4=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center) - web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面 ```bash [root@KVM ~]# wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/n/novnc-0.5.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm [root@KVM ~]# yum -y install novnc-0.5.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm [root@KVM ~]# ll /etc/rc.local lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Jul 21 22:57 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local [root@KVM ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 474 Jul 21 22:57 /etc/rc.d/rc.local [root@KVM ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local [root@KVM ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local #在此文件末尾追加下面的内容 ... nohup novnc_server 192.168.50.156:5920 & [root@KVM ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local [root@KVM ~]# nohup: ignoring input and appending output to 'nohup.out' ``` - 做完以上操作后再次访问即可正常访问 ![image-20240612192625550](C:\Users\涂祖函\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20240612192625550.png) ### 4.2 案例2 - 第一次通过web访问kvm时可能会一直访问不了，一直转圈，而命令行界面一直报错(too many open files) ```bash [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; 添加此行 include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf ...... # End of file * soft nofile 655350 添加这两行 * hard nofile 655350 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx ```