236 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
236 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
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<h1><center>Kubernetes存储类StorageClass</center></h1>
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著作：行癫 <盗版必究>
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------
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## 一：StorageClass
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StorageClass 为管理员提供了描述存储 "类" 的方法。 不同的类型可能会映射到不同的服务质量等级或备份策略，或是由集群管理员制定的任意策略。 Kubernetes 本身并不清楚各种类代表的什么。这个类的概念在其他存储系统中有时被称为 "配置文件"
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#### 1.StorageClass 资源
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每个 StorageClass 都包含 `provisioner`、`parameters` 和 `reclaimPolicy` 字段， 这些字段会在 StorageClass 需要动态分配 PersistentVolume 时会使用到
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StorageClass 对象的命名很重要，用户使用这个命名来请求生成一个特定的类。 当创建 StorageClass 对象时，管理员设置 StorageClass 对象的命名和其他参数，一旦创建了对象就不能再对其更新
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#### 2.创建Storageclass
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```shell
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apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
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kind: StorageClass
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metadata:
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name: example-nfs //名称
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provisioner: example.com/external-nfs
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parameters:
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server: nfs-server.example.com
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path: /share
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readOnly: "false"
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server：NFS 服务器的主机名或 IP 地址
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path：NFS 服务器导出的路径
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readOnly：是否将存储挂载为只读的标志（默认为 false）
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```
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注意：
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provisioner参数值：
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```yaml
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NFS example.com/external-nfs
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Glusterfs kubernetes.io/glusterfs
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AWS EBS kubernetes.io/aws-ebs
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......
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```
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AWS EBS：
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```shell
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apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
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kind: StorageClass
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metadata:
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name: slow
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provisioner: kubernetes.io/aws-ebs
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parameters:
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type: io1
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iopsPerGB: "10" //这里需要输入一个字符串，即 "10"，而不是 10
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fsType: ext4
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type：io1，gp2，sc1，st1。详细信息参见 AWS 文档。默认值：gp2
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iopsPerGB：只适用于 io1 卷。每 GiB 每秒 I/O 操作。AWS卷插件将其与请求卷的大小相乘以计算IOPS的容量，并将其限制在 20000 IOPS
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fsType：受 Kubernetes 支持的文件类型。默认值："ext4"
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```
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Glusterfs：
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```shell
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apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
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kind: StorageClass
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metadata:
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name: slow
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provisioner: kubernetes.io/glusterfs
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parameters:
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resturl: "http://127.0.0.1:8081"
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clusterid: "630372ccdc720a92c681fb928f27b53f"
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restauthenabled: "true"
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restuser: "admin"
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secretNamespace: "default"
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secretName: "heketi-secret"
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gidMin: "40000"
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gidMax: "50000"
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volumetype: "replicate:3"
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resturl：制备 gluster 卷的需求的Gluster REST服务/Heketi服务url，通用格式应该是 IPaddress:Port
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restauthenabled：Gluster REST 服务身份验证布尔值，用于启用对 REST 服务器的身份验证
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restuser：在 Gluster 可信池中有权创建卷的 Gluster REST服务/Heketi 用户
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restuserkey：服务器进行身份验证。 此参数已弃用，取而代之的是 secretNamespace + secretName
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secretNamespace，secretName：Secret 实例的标识，包含与 Gluster REST 服务交互时使用的用户密码；
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这些参数是可选的，secretNamespace 和 secretName 都省略时使用空密码，以这种方式创建：
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kubectl create secret generic heketi-secret \
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--type="kubernetes.io/glusterfs" --from-literal=key='opensesame' \
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--namespace=default
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clusterid：630372ccdc720a92c681fb928f27b53f 是集群的 ID，当制备卷时， Heketi 将会使用这个文件
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gidMin，gidMax：StorageClass GID 范围的最小值和最大值，这是 gidMin 和 gidMax 的默认值
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volumetype：卷的类型及其参数可以用这个可选值进行配置
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'Replica volume': volumetype: replicate:3 其中 '3' 是 replica 数量
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'Disperse/EC volume': volumetype: disperse:4:2 其中 '4' 是数据，'2' 是冗余数量
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'Distribute volume': volumetype: none
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```
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#### 3.使用
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创建storageclass文件：
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```shell
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[root@master class]# cat storageclass
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apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
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kind: StorageClass
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metadata:
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name: example-nfs
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provisioner: example.com/external-nfs
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parameters:
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server: 10.0.0.230
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path: /kubernetes-3
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readOnly: "false"
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```
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创建：
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```shell
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[root@master class]# kubectl create -f storageclass
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storageclass.storage.k8s.io/example-nfs created
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```
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查看：
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```shell
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[root@master class]# kubectl get storageclass
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NAME PROVISIONER RECLAIMPOLICY VOLUMEBINDINGMODE ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION AGE
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example-nfs example.com/external-nfs Delete Immediate false 9s
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RECLAIMPOLICY：回收策略 Delete
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VOLUMEBINDINGMODE：默认情况下， Immediate 模式表示一旦创建了PersistentVolumeClaim 也就完成了卷绑定和动态制备
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```
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创建pv的yaml文件：
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```shell
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[root@master class]# cat pv.yaml
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: PersistentVolume
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metadata:
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name: xingdian-1
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spec:
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capacity:
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storage: 10Gi
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volumeMode: Filesystem
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accessModes:
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- ReadWriteOnce
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storageClassName: example-nfs
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nfs:
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path: /kubernetes-1
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server: 10.0.0.230
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```
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创建：
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```shell
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[root@master class]# kubectl create -f pv.yaml
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```
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查看pv：
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```shell
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[root@master class]# kubectl get pv
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NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
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xingdian-1 10Gi RWO Retain Available example-nfs 3s
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```
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创建应用使用：
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```shell
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[root@master class]# cat nginx.yaml
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apiVersion: apps/v1
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kind: StatefulSet
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metadata:
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name: web
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spec:
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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app: nginx
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serviceName: "nginx"
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replicas: 1
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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app: nginx
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spec:
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terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
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containers:
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- name: nginx
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image: 10.0.0.230/xingdian/nginx:v1
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ports:
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- containerPort: 80
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name: web
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volumeMounts:
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- name: www
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mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
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volumeClaimTemplates:
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- metadata:
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name: www
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spec:
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accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
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storageClassName: "example-nfs"
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resources:
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requests:
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storage: 10Gi
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```
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创建：
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```shell
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[root@master class]# kubectl create -f nginx.yaml
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statefulset.apps/web created
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```
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查看：
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```shell
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[root@master class]# kubectl get statefulset
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NAME READY AGE
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web 1/1 9s
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[root@master class]# kubectl get pod
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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web-0 1/1 Running 0 13s
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```
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验证pv：
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```shell
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[root@master class]# kubectl get pv
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NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
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xingdian-1 10Gi RWO Retain Bound default/www-web-0 example-nfs 52s
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```
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