286 lines
9.0 KiB
Markdown
286 lines
9.0 KiB
Markdown
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<h1><center>Docker-compose</center></h1>
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**作者：行癫（盗版必究）**
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------
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## 一：Docker-compose概述
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Compose 是一个用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序的工具。使用 Compose，您可以使用 YAML 文件来配置应用程序的服务。然后，使用一个命令，您可以从您的配置中创建并启动所有服务
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Compose 适用于所有环境：生产、登台、开发、测试以及 CI 工作流程
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使用 Compose 基本上是一个三步过程：
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使用定义您的应用程序的环境，`Dockerfile`以便可以在任何地方复制它
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定义构成您的应用程序的服务，`docker-compose.yml` 以便它们可以在隔离环境中一起运行
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运行`docker compose up`，Docker compose 命令启动并运行您的整个应用程序
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举例：
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```shell
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version: "3.9" # optional since v1.27.0
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services:
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web:
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build: .
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ports:
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- "8000:5000"
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volumes:
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- .:/code
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- logvolume01:/var/log
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links:
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- redis
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redis:
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image: redis
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volumes:
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logvolume01: {}
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```
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## 二：Docker-compose安装
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#### 1.下载
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```shell
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[root@xingdian ~]# curl -SL https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.6.0/docker-compose-linux-x86_64 -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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```
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#### 2.创建软连接
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```shell
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[root@xingdian ~]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
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```
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#### 3.添加执行权限
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```shell
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[root@xingdian ~]# chmod a+x /usr/bin/docker-compose
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```
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#### 4.验证版本
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```shell
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[root@xingdian ~]# docker-compose --version
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Docker Compose version v2.6.0
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```
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## 三：Docker-compose入门
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#### 1.设置
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定义应用程序依赖项：
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1.为项目创建一个目录：
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```shell
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[root@xingdian ~]# mkdir composetest
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[root@xingdian ~]# cd composetest
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```
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2.在项目目录中创建一个名为的文件`app.py`并将其粘贴到：
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```shell
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[root@xingdian composetest]# cat app.py
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import time
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import redis
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from flask import Flask
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app = Flask(__name__)
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cache = redis.Redis(host='redis', port=6379)
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def get_hit_count():
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retries = 5
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while True:
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try:
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return cache.incr('hits')
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except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
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if retries == 0:
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raise exc
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retries -= 1
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time.sleep(0.5)
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@app.route('/')
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def hello():
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count = get_hit_count()
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return 'Hello World! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)
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```
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注意：
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在此示例中，`redis`是应用程序网络上的 redis 容器的主机名。我们使用 Redis 的默认端口，`6379`
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3.在您的项目目录中创建另一个名为的文件requirements.txt并将其粘贴到：
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```shell
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flask
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redis
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```
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#### 2.创建 Dockerfile
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编写一个构建 Docker 映像的 Dockerfile。该映像包含 Python 应用程序所需的所有依赖项，包括 Python 本身
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```shell
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FROM python:3.7-alpine
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WORKDIR /code
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ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
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ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
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RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers
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COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
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RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
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EXPOSE 5000
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COPY . .
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CMD ["flask", "run"]
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```
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注意：
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从 Python 3.7 映像开始构建映像
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将工作目录设置为`/code`
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设置命令使用的环境变量`flask`
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安装 gcc 和其他依赖项
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复制`requirements.txt`并安装 Python 依赖项
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向镜像添加元数据以描述容器正在侦听端口 5000
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将项目中的当前目录复制`.`到镜像中的workdir `.`
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将容器的默认命令设置为`flask run`
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#### 3.Compose 文件中定义服务
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在项目目录中创建一个名为的文件`docker-compose.yml`并粘贴以下内容：
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```shell
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version: "3.9"
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services:
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web:
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build: .
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ports:
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- "8000:5000"
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redis:
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image: "redis:alpine"
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```
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这个 Compose 文件定义了两个服务：`web`和`redis`
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注意：
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该服务使用从当前目录中`web`构建的图像。`Dockerfile`然后它将容器和主机绑定到暴露的端口，`8000`. 此示例服务使用 Flask Web 服务器的默认端口，`5000`
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该`redis`服务使用 从 Docker Hub 注册表中提取的公共Redis映像
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#### 4.使用 Compose 构建并运行您的应用程序
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```shell
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose up
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[+] Building 95.0s (6/10)
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=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
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=> => transferring dockerfile: 291B 0.0s
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[+] Building 481.8s (6/10)
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=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
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=> => transferring dockerfile: 291B 0.0s
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=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
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=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
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=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.7-alpine 4.3s
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=> [1/6] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.7-alpine@sha256:a03bd8ebf621e25cc51ee80cb82d04ca 0.0s
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=> [internal] load build context 0.0s
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=> => transferring context: 1.06kB 0.0s
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=> CACHED [2/6] WORKDIR /code 0.0s
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=> [3/6] RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers 477.5s
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=> => # ERROR: libgomp-11.2.1_git20220219-r2: temporary error (try again later)
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=> => # (5/12) Installing libatomic (11.2.1_git20220219-r2)
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.............
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composetest-web-1 | Use a production WSGI server instead.
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composetest-web-1 | * Debug mode: off
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composetest-web-1 | * Running on all addresses (0.0.0.0)
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composetest-web-1 | WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
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composetest-web-1 | * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000
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composetest-web-1 | * Running on http://172.19.0.2:5000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
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```
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#### 5.测试访问
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在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8000/ 以查看正在运行的应用程序
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#### 6.查看docker镜像
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```shell
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker images
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```
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注意：
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停止应用程序，方法是`docker-compose down` 在第二个终端的项目目录中运行，或者在启动应用程序的原始终端中按 CTRL+C
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#### 7.编辑 Compose 文件以添加绑定挂载
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```shell
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version: "3.9"
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services:
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web:
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build: .
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ports:
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- "8000:5000"
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volumes:
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- .:/code
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environment:
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FLASK_ENV: development
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redis:
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image: "redis:alpine"
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```
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新volumes密钥将主机上的项目目录（当前目录）挂载到/code容器内，允许您即时修改代码，而无需重建映像。environment键设置 FLASK_ENV环境变量，它告诉flask run在开发模式下运行并在更改时重新加载代码。这种模式应该只在开发中使用
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#### 8.更新应用程序
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由于应用程序代码现在使用卷安装到容器中，因此您可以对其代码进行更改并立即查看更改，而无需重建映像
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更改问候语app.py并保存。例如，将Hello World! 消息更改为Hello from Docker!：
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#### 9.在浏览器中刷新应用程序
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#### 10.其他命令
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```shell
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose up -d //后台运行
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose ps //列出容器
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose pause //暂停服务
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose unpause //取消暂停服务
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose down //停止并移除容器、网络
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose logs //查看容器的输出
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose start //启动服务
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose stop //停止服务
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose stop [SERVICE...]
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose cp //在服务容器和本地文件系统之间复制文件/文件夹
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- SERVICE:DEST_PATH
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[root@xingdian composetest]# docker-compose run web env //为您的服务运行一次性命令,查看 web服务可以使用哪些环境变量
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```
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