kubernetes-x/MD/Kubernetes存储类StorageClass.md

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<h1><center>Kubernetes存储类StorageClass</center></h1>
著作:行癫 <盗版必究>
------
## 一StorageClass
StorageClass 为管理员提供了描述存储 "类" 的方法。 不同的类型可能会映射到不同的服务质量等级或备份策略,或是由集群管理员制定的任意策略。 Kubernetes 本身并不清楚各种类代表的什么。这个类的概念在其他存储系统中有时被称为 "配置文件"
#### 1.StorageClass 资源
每个 StorageClass 都包含 `provisioner`、`parameters` 和 `reclaimPolicy` 字段, 这些字段会在 StorageClass 需要动态分配 PersistentVolume 时会使用到
StorageClass 对象的命名很重要,用户使用这个命名来请求生成一个特定的类。 当创建 StorageClass 对象时,管理员设置 StorageClass 对象的命名和其他参数,一旦创建了对象就不能再对其更新
#### 2.创建Storageclass
```shell
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: example-nfs //名称
provisioner: example.com/external-nfs
parameters:
server: nfs-server.example.com
path: /share
readOnly: "false"
serverNFS 服务器的主机名或 IP 地址
pathNFS 服务器导出的路径
readOnly是否将存储挂载为只读的标志默认为 false
```
注意:
provisioner参数值
```yaml
NFS example.com/external-nfs
Glusterfs kubernetes.io/glusterfs
AWS EBS kubernetes.io/aws-ebs
......
```
AWS EBS
```shell
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: slow
provisioner: kubernetes.io/aws-ebs
parameters:
type: io1
iopsPerGB: "10" //这里需要输入一个字符串,即 "10",而不是 10
fsType: ext4
typeio1gp2sc1st1。详细信息参见 AWS 文档。默认值gp2
iopsPerGB只适用于 io1 卷。每 GiB 每秒 I/O 操作。AWS卷插件将其与请求卷的大小相乘以计算IOPS的容量并将其限制在 20000 IOPS
fsType受 Kubernetes 支持的文件类型。默认值:"ext4"
```
Glusterfs
```shell
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: slow
provisioner: kubernetes.io/glusterfs
parameters:
resturl: "http://127.0.0.1:8081"
clusterid: "630372ccdc720a92c681fb928f27b53f"
restauthenabled: "true"
restuser: "admin"
secretNamespace: "default"
secretName: "heketi-secret"
gidMin: "40000"
gidMax: "50000"
volumetype: "replicate:3"
resturl制备 gluster 卷的需求的Gluster REST服务/Heketi服务url通用格式应该是 IPaddress:Port
restauthenabledGluster REST 服务身份验证布尔值,用于启用对 REST 服务器的身份验证
restuser在 Gluster 可信池中有权创建卷的 Gluster REST服务/Heketi 用户
restuserkey服务器进行身份验证。 此参数已弃用,取而代之的是 secretNamespace + secretName
secretNamespacesecretNameSecret 实例的标识,包含与 Gluster REST 服务交互时使用的用户密码;
这些参数是可选的secretNamespace 和 secretName 都省略时使用空密码,以这种方式创建:
kubectl create secret generic heketi-secret \
--type="kubernetes.io/glusterfs" --from-literal=key='opensesame' \
--namespace=default
clusterid630372ccdc720a92c681fb928f27b53f 是集群的 ID当制备卷时 Heketi 将会使用这个文件
gidMingidMaxStorageClass GID 范围的最小值和最大值,这是 gidMin 和 gidMax 的默认值
volumetype卷的类型及其参数可以用这个可选值进行配置
'Replica volume': volumetype: replicate:3 其中 '3' 是 replica 数量
'Disperse/EC volume': volumetype: disperse:4:2 其中 '4' 是数据,'2' 是冗余数量
'Distribute volume': volumetype: none
```
#### 3.使用
创建storageclass文件
```shell
[root@master class]# cat storageclass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: example-nfs
provisioner: example.com/external-nfs
parameters:
server: 10.0.0.230
path: /kubernetes-3
readOnly: "false"
```
创建:
```shell
[root@master class]# kubectl create -f storageclass
storageclass.storage.k8s.io/example-nfs created
```
查看:
```shell
[root@master class]# kubectl get storageclass
NAME PROVISIONER RECLAIMPOLICY VOLUMEBINDINGMODE ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION AGE
example-nfs example.com/external-nfs Delete Immediate false 9s
RECLAIMPOLICY回收策略 Delete
VOLUMEBINDINGMODE默认情况下 Immediate 模式表示一旦创建了PersistentVolumeClaim 也就完成了卷绑定和动态制备
```
创建pv的yaml文件
```shell
[root@master class]# cat pv.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: xingdian-1
spec:
capacity:
storage: 10Gi
volumeMode: Filesystem
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
storageClassName: example-nfs
nfs:
path: /kubernetes-1
server: 10.0.0.230
```
创建:
```shell
[root@master class]# kubectl create -f pv.yaml
```
查看pv
```shell
[root@master class]# kubectl get pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
xingdian-1 10Gi RWO Retain Available example-nfs 3s
```
创建应用使用:
```shell
[root@master class]# cat nginx.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: web
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
serviceName: "nginx"
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
containers:
- name: nginx
image: 10.0.0.230/xingdian/nginx:v1
ports:
- containerPort: 80
name: web
volumeMounts:
- name: www
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: www
spec:
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
storageClassName: "example-nfs"
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
```
创建:
```shell
[root@master class]# kubectl create -f nginx.yaml
statefulset.apps/web created
```
查看:
```shell
[root@master class]# kubectl get statefulset
NAME READY AGE
web 1/1 9s
[root@master class]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
web-0 1/1 Running 0 13s
```
验证pv
```shell
[root@master class]# kubectl get pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
xingdian-1 10Gi RWO Retain Bound default/www-web-0 example-nfs 52s
```
![image-20220526224804444](https://xingdian-image.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/xingdian-image/image-20220526224804444-16535764908601.png)